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Showing posts from August, 2024

How Corals Feed: Symbiosis, Nutrition and Survival Under Stress

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A coral skeleton records growth, but living tissue supplies the energy that makes growth possible. Corals are animals, yet many reef corals obtain energy through a partnership with photosynthetic microorganisms. They can also feed on external resources. Understanding these energy pathways helps explain why changes in light, food and water conditions can affect coral growth and survival. [1] Two important energy pathways In photosymbiotic corals, algal partners capture light energy and share products of photosynthesis with the host. The animal also obtains food through heterotrophy, including the capture or uptake of organic resources. Their relative contributions differ among species and environments. [1] Symbiosis illustration, Figure 1 from the bleaching overview; used here to explain the nutritional partnership. Image: Norma Olguín-López and colleagues (2017) , IntechOpen source , CC BY 3.0 . Reproduced without scientific alteration. What does trophic plasticity mean? Trophic plasti...

From Beauty to Crime: The Illegal Trade of Red Coral in Italy

From Beauty to Crime: The Red Coral Trade in Italy Originally published: August 27, 2024 Last updated: September 2026 Red coral has been valued for centuries as an ornamental material and gemstone. Its intense red to pinkish-red colors, organic origin, and association with Mediterranean culture have made it particularly desirable for jewelry and decorative objects. But behind the beauty of red coral lies a complicated story involving conservation, regulated harvesting, international trade, identification, and the protection of marine ecosystems. This article examines the red coral trade, with particular attention to the Mediterranean and Italy, while also explaining why responsible sourcing matters to gemologists, jewelers, collectors, and consumers. What Is Red Coral? The material commonly called red coral belongs to colonial marine organisms rather than minerals. Precious corals are formed by colonies of tiny organisms that produce a hard skeletal framework. Several ...