Gemology Hub / Gems Hub / Minerals Hub

Wednesday, July 8, 2020

Difference between Emerald Vs Green Beryl

 

Emerald Vs Green Beryl

Emerald can own its green coloration to Chromium and iron, but the question was raised when vanadium colored green beryl was found in Brazil... Up to this point it was common that 'emerald is the green variety of beryl, it is colored by chromium". Most emeralds are colored in fact by iron and chromium, some other stones can also colored by vanadium. 

For most gemological laboratories the standard is that if an green stone from the beryl family shows some chromium spectrum and present a chromium percentage higher than 0,1% then it can be called emerald. 
If not its a green beryl... 

This 0,1% "standard" is coming from a Kurt Nassau proposal in order to solve the proble opposing colombian emerald dealers and Brazil or African dealers: As most of the colombian emeralds which are the traditional emeralds owns their color to chromium and iron. The new emeralds from brazil were vanadium rich. The Colombian dealer lobby was the stronger, this proposal has been globally accepted. 

You can so have a very saturated green beryl colored by vanadium but without the 0,1% of chromium and a weak green emerald that can be called emerald despite its weak green color because its host 0,1% of chromium... 

But anyway on internet an emerald sells better than a green beryl... so many people try to be ingorant in order to make better sales and margins. In gem business it is sad to say but the greed of some is very well completed with the greed and the greater ignorance of the others!

Thursday, June 18, 2020

Inclusions in Natural opal

Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight but is usually between 6 and 10%. Because of its amorphous character, it is classed as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are classed as minerals.



inclusions in wood opal 


Iron sulfide in opal



fern like a holographic play of colour patterns in opal 


pyrite inclusions in opal



Iron oxide in opal


opal from USA


Clay mineral along with pyrite in opal


Play of colour in opal 


Manganese oxide flower in opal 



Iron oxide in opal


Chalcedony along with amphibole needles in opal 


Green opal


Manganese oxide in opal 


Manganese oxide in opal 


fluorite inclusions in opal 


opal from Ethiopia 


wood in opal 


Agate like banding pattern in opal 


Leopard opal 


Conk opal 





The same slides are in the form of video uploaded on youtube. 

Thursday, June 11, 2020

Identification of Surface Diffused Synthetic blue Sapphire

Since 2015 a large quantity of a new blue diffused synthetic sapphire has appeared in the world market.  In immersion of blue diffused sapphires showed the “spiders’ web effect” – a cut-related colouration pattern – and rather high titanium content on the surface of the samples. The synthetic blue sapphire usually displayed strong chalky blue fluorescence to SWUV lamp and mostly have cure bands and residue or gas bubble under the microscope. 

residue & gas bubbles in synthetic diffused sapphire

residue & gas bubbles in synthetic diffused sapphire




colour concentration on the facets edges easily seen 

colour concentration on the facets edges easily seen 


colour concentration on the facets edges easily seen 


When viewing the stones in methylene iodide solution with diffused-transmitted white light, blue diffused synthetic stones clearly display a “spiders’ web effect”


Unheated Corundum (Ruby & Sapphire) Inclusions


The following Post " Unheated Corundum (ruby & Sapphire) inclusions" are only for unheated ruby & Sapphire inclusions. 



A beautiful zoned of fine exsolved particles in unheated ruby. origin Madagascar.

A beautiful zoned of fine exsolved particles in unheated ruby. origin Madagascar.
Trapiche in Corundum, Origin: Pakistan

Trapiche in Corundum, Origin: Pakistan

Trapiche in Corundum, Origin: Pakistan

Trapiche in Corundum, Origin: Pakistan

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.
Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.




Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.

Unheated inclusions in Sapphire, Origin: Kashmir, Pakistan.
Rutile silk in unheated Sapphire. Origin: Sri Lanka
Rutile silk in unheated Sapphire. Origin: Sri Lanka