Gemology Hub | Gemstone & Mineral Identification Guides

Gemology Hub`: Natural Sapphire Inclusions There are several type... : Natural Sapphire Inclusions There are several types of inclusions in natural sapphires. • Needles. These are mineral inclusions that are lon...

  Optic fiber or fiber optic or man made glasses  come in a variety of different colors with a sharp cat's eye effect which imitat the natural gems for chrsoberly  Man made cat's eye glass  when you see  through the side view of the cabochons  you will find  hexagonal prismatic wax (honeycomb like pattern) as shown in the picutres below.  honeycomb-like pattern in optical fiber glass honeycomb-like pattern in optical fiber glass honeycomb-like pattern in optical fiber glass

  Establishment of    well equipped Gemological laboratory   For Gemstones / Diamond   Testing Certification 1.      Natural Gemstones samples e.g Emerald, ruby, sapphire (Cut/rough) 2.      Treated gemstones samples (dyeing, filling, heat treated etc) 3.      Composite stones (double/triplet) 4.      Synthetic gemstones samples (made by all manufacturing process such as flux, flame fusion etc.) 5.      Natural diamonds 6.      Treated diamonds (HPHT, glass or wax filling , irradiated etc) 7.      Synthetic diamonds 8.      Diamond Imitation stones (CZ, GGG) etc 9.      Master stones of diamonds (For diamond color Grading) 10.                         En...

  Hardness Scale (Friedrich Mohs Scale) T he b o nds h o lding at o ms t o gether determine a mineral's hardness. In 1812, the Austrian mineral o gist Friedrich M o hs devised a scale  of hardness that is still in use t o day. He selected ten minerals as   standards and arranged them s o that any mineral o n  the scale  w o uld scratch o nly th o se bel o w it. Everyday o bjects can be used   t o   test where a mineral fits int o the scale. A fingernail has a hardness   o f 2.5, and a penknife is 5.5. Minerals o f six and ab o ve   will scratch   glass; glass will scratch apatite and o ther minerals   bel o w it. Mohs hardness scale  The Mohs Scale of Hardness Explained

 You can claim your stolen diamond based on the inclusions. Have you ever wondered why jewellers use special magnifying lenses to examine diamonds? They're looking for things to include. Inclusions, often known as faults, are internal characteristics of the stone that can only be seen when magnified. The size and kind of inclusions in a diamond determine its clarity. Because imperfect diamonds are uncommon and expensive, the majority of loose stones, engagement rings, and other jewellery available includes some defect. An inclusion is similar to a freckle on your fiancé's nose; it's not a defect because it adds character to your diamond. INCLUSIONS OF DIFFERENT KINDS T he majority of gemstones sold in jewellery stores are imperfect; they may have a variety of flaws. The following are the most prevalent forms of diamond inclusions: Crystals  Natural, uncooked minerals that form crystals are included within certain diamonds. This form of inclusion is often invisible to the hu...

  Synthetic Diamonds: A Brief History In the early part of the twentieth century, several attempts to synthesise diamond were conducted, and by the 1940s, the temperature and pressure parameters under which diamond is the stable phase of carbon had been established experimentally. Berman and Simon expanded on these findings. Graphite is the stable phase at normal temperatures and pressures, which is interesting. At normal temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, diamond, the ultimate gemstone, is merely meta-stable! Fortunately, converting a diamond to graphite requires a lot of energy, and in an inert atmosphere, a diamond may be safely heated to at least 1500 °C without causing harm. When the temperature rises beyond 1800 °C, however, the material quickly transforms into graphite. Following the availability of tungsten carbide in the 1930s, serious attempts to synthesise diamond started. This exceptionally strong material enabled the development of pressure cells capable of...

Petroleum Quartz (Quartz with Petroleum, Methane, Bitumen, and Water) Being a particular kind of enhydro , doubly terminated quartz crystals containing negative crystals filled with petroleum, methane, bitumen, and water, are rare, though material of very good quality appears on gem and mineral fairs on a regular basis. Under ultra-violet radiation the petroleum inclusions present in the material reveal a strong fluorescent reaction. This most striking material originates from the Zhob District in Balochistan Province, Pakistan, although some time ago one dealer had material on offer unearthed in the Jihouke District, Leshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. However, these samples contained quite some bituminous matter, but far less petroleum and resemble  herkimers  with  anthraxolite  from the Adirondack Mountains in New York. It might be interesting to note that petroleum inclusions similar to those in Pakistani quartz have also been found in quartz crysta...

The page is devoted only for beautiful agate and agate lover all over the world. Agates collection  Agate from China Agate from Pujiang, China. Agate from Pujiang, China. Agate from Pujiang, China. Agate from Pujiang, China When almus agate is cut, many plumes and usually yellow and red bands appear. Almus Agate Turkish produces beautiful agates Turkish Agate Turkish Agate Turkish Agate Black sea agate North Turkey Black sea agate North Turkey Black River Agate This is a 3.25 inch stream rolled agate which was cut in half and polished. It is from Argentina and is called a Black River Agate. I acquired it back in 2008. Black River Agate Bobonong, Botswana Bobonong, Botswana

حیرت انگیز ڈائمنڈ ٹوئن دو ہیرے کے کرسٹل جو جڑواں میکل ہیں اور نایاب ہیروں  غور  کرتے  ہیں۔ دو فلیٹ مثلثی کرسٹل (جسے میکلز کہتے ہیں) ایک ستارے کی شکل بنانے  کے لیے بالکل صحیح زاویہ پر اکٹھے بڑھے۔ بائیں جانب جڑواں ہیرے کے کرسٹل کا وزن 0.92 کیرٹ اور دائیں جانب والے کا وزن 0.97 کیرٹ ہے۔ Rare Twinned Diamonds  تصویر: رابرٹ ویلڈن/جی آئی اے۔ بشکریہ: مارون فنکر، ٹریلین ڈائمنڈز۔

Honey bee Jasper is a deceptive name of calcite (calcium cabonate) with considerations of arsenic and manganese oxides with banding and layering which is looks like a honey bee that why it called honey bee Jasper.   The inclusions caused by sulfur (yellow), calcium & Aragonite (white), Orpiment & Realgar (orange), and Pyrite (black). bumblebee Jasper (Calcite) This mineral was only discovered in the 1990’s   west Java Province, Papandayan Volcano, Indonesia. Since then, this mineral has yet to be discovered anywhere else on Earth and geologists don’t expect to find another deposit of it anytime soon. This is an extremely rare occurrence in nature that simply doesn’t happen and it should be cherished, respected, and valued for the true uniqueness it holds.

T he dichroscope is a pocket-sized tool that can aid in the identification of gemstones. This tool is used to inspect pleochroism ( leochroism is the change of color in colored anisotropic double refractive  gemstones when viewed from different directions) in gemstones and to quickly separate some common stones from each other (such as ruby versus red garnet). Basic There are two types of dichroscopes on the market: calcite dichroscopes polarizing dichroscopes In anisotropic gemstones, different colors are absorbed in different directions ("directional selective absorption") which causes the pleochroism that is observed with the dichroscope. Calcite dichroscope The calcite dichroscope is the preferred type of dichroscope used in gemology. It works because the calcite rhomb (Iceland spar) separates the polarized slow and fast ray emerging from the gemstone. If you look at the viewing end of the dichroscope, two small windows are seen. A gemst...